Economics
Microeconomics and the Economics of Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Specialization Field 1
Consumer behavior – theory of production and costs – market structures and competition – supply and demand analysis – productivity of factors of production
Specialization Field 2
Economics of pricing – evaluation of economic efficiency – analysis of firm decisions – economic evaluation of projects
Specialization Field 3
Economics of entrepreneurship – economics of innovation – dynamics of firm entry and exit – productivity of new firms – behavior of small and medium enterprises – market structure and competition and the role of start-ups – resourceal location and market efficiency – economics of entrepreneurial finance and venture capital
Additional Specialization
Risk and uncertainty in entrepreneurial decisions – technology diffusion among firms – entrepreneurial human capital – the role of institutions and the quality of the business environment in entrepreneurial activity – entrepreneurship in non-oil sectors – entrepreneurship in rentier economies
Macroeconomics and International Economics
Specialization Field 1
Aggregate output and its determinants – aggregate demand and aggregate supply – economic cycles, shocks, and fluctuations – long-term economic growth
Specialization Field 2
Structural imbalances – total factor productivity – macroeconomic stability – theoretical and applied macroeconomic models – analysis of macroeconomic performance
Specialization Field 3
Economic agreements and blocs – economic integration – economic openness and its effects – global value chains – e-commerce and cross-border digital economy
Additional Specialization
Theories and patterns of international trade – balance of payments and its components – capital flows – foreign direct investment – tariff and non-tariff barriers
Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy
Specialization Field 1
Monetary-policy transmission channels – liquidity and its management – money supply and demand – interest rates and their term structure – exchange rates and exchange-rate regimes – price stability and inflation targeting – monetary and financial stability
Specialization Field 2
Banking institutions – dollarization – financial depth – financial inclusion – financial markets and shock transmission – monetary sterilization – management of foreign reserves – monetary innovations and digital and crypto currencies
Specialization Field 3
Public revenues and tax systems – efficiency and equity of the tax system – public expenditures and their efficiency – the public budget and its management
Additional Specialization
Fiscal sustainability – public debt and its management – fiscal policy and its macroeconomic impact – financial risks – fiscal dominance and interaction between fiscal and monetary policies
Economic Development and Labor Economics
Specialization Field 1
Theories of economic development – development gaps (technological, productive, and institutional) – structural transformations – economic diversification – the role of the state in development
Specialization Field 2
Development planning and policies – human development and human capital – poverty and inequality – economic empowerment – sustainable development
Specialization Field 3
Sectoral development (agriculture, industry, tourism) – economic-policy reforms – economics of rentier states – development challenges in developing economies
Additional Specialization
Labor-market analysis – wages and wage determination – unemployment and its types – human capital, education, and training – labor productivity – employment and training policies – skills mismatch – labor-force participation – discrimination in the labor market – labor-market flexibility
Energy and the Environment
Economics of renewable and non-renewable energy – energy pricing and subsidies – economics of energy supply and demand – energy security from an economic perspective
Energy markets and their regulation – economics of electricity (generation and pricing) – energy-use efficiency – energy transition
Environmental economics – natural resources and their sustainability – economics of climate change – emission-reduction policies – economic impacts of pollution
Environmental market instruments (taxes, emissions trading) – green and circular economy – international environmental agreements and policies